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college-sports

Pay to Play

November 21, 2007 · 0 comments

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One of the most closely guarded secrets in the history of sports is about to be revealed: exactly how much does JoePa get paid?

The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has ruled that the Penn State University football coach’s salary must be made public. The request had initially been made by a newspaper (The Patriot-News in Harrisburg) to the State Employees’ Retirement System; employees enrolled in the system are covered by an open records law. The university had previously blocked attempts to make Paterno’s salary public.

Speculations run rampant about exactly how much Joe Paterno is paid for his role as head coach at Penn State University. He holds more bowl victories than any coach in history. He has won each of the major bowls, the Rose, Orange, Fiesta and Sugar Bowls, at least once.

Those numbers put him in a class all by himself – will it be reflected in his salary? And more importantly, what does it have to do with tax?

Plenty. As I reported previously, salaries for coaching collegiate sports outpace the salaries of college faculty. And the trend is continuing: the University of Alabama agreed to pay Nick Saban $4 million per year to coach their football team. In comparison, the average UA professor makes $108,000 and the average UA associate professor makes just under $75,000 (source – pdf). That’s a pretty wide discrepancy. And it’s worth noting that UA didn’t even crack the top 25 of the BCS for November.

Colleges are increasingly devoting more and more of their resources to raising money through sports programs, since sports programs bring in astounding amounts of revenue. Those schools are, however, not paying tax on this money – ostensibly from entertainment revenue and not related to the college’s primary purpose (education) because most colleges and universities are de facto tax exempt.

Congress has conducted a ridiculously half-hearted inquiry into the tax exempt status of colleges and universities in light of accusations that these institutions are not using funds for education and are instead focusing on paying coaches, building stadiums and selling tickets. Critics have focused on the frenzy to collect dollars on the backs of student athletes, when many of student-athletes in top programs perform poorly in an academic setting; in that regard, those critics argue, NCAA sports programs are little more than pro-sport training camps. So far, no decision has been reached by Congress or the IRS with respect to the inquiry.

If Paterno’s salary is as high as some speculate (numbers that have been bandied about go as high as $5 million per year in straight salary, not including perks), it may well accelerate the inquiry into coaching salaries and the tax exempt status of the NCAA and educational institutions. Of course, it could be revealed that he was paid $20 million per year and no one would really care until the end of January. It is, after all, bowl season.

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The Shill of the Game

October 14, 2007 · 0 comments

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No, that’s not a typo. These days, it seems, it is all about the dollars. Even in college sports – or maybe especially in college sports.

The headline on this week’s Philadelphia Inquirer, Sunday Edition, blared “Raising Funds – and eyebrows” – the story about the push to raise money for colleges through athletics made the front page. It seems especially fitting to run the story during football season (and maybe just a little self-serving that it focused on Temple and Penn State Universities less than a week before the well-known Nittany Lions pick on the Owls in Philadelphia) but it’s hardly news. The role of the dollar in college sports has been under fire for more than a year now, from the IRS inquiry into whether the tax-exempt status of colleges should remain considering the “empires” that have been built on the backs of taxpayers to the controversial salaries paid to coaches to Congress’ debate about the role of sports in secondary educationincluding basketball. What has come out of this debate is largely nothing – a lot of drama on both sides about the value (or not) of sports programs at colleges and universities. While there should be pressure to answer this debate in a very public way, there isn’t. Perhaps it’s impolitic to do it with football play-offs looming in the distance – too many OSU fans in Congress (yes, that’s OSU pictured above)? And then there’s basketball… And then, baseball. It’s just so darned inconvenient. Only Senator Charles Grassley (R-IA) has dared bring it up again recently; he promised last month to take another look at whether tax-exempt status was appropriate – but then, who are we kidding? He went to the University of Northern Iowa.

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NCAA President Myles Brand has (finally) responded to the ongoing inquiry into the tax-exempt status of the organization in a 25 page letter posted on the organization’s web site.  The response initially had an October deadline – I guess somebody forgot to tell the folks in Committee that it’s college football season.  You can’t expect a serious debate about academics in the middle of football season, and just as basketball is gearing up the school semester.

It’s worth noting that the first three pages of the letter don’t address the tax-exempt status question at all.  Much of the rest attempts to link "life lessons learned" in sports to the educational purpose of NCAA athletics.  This should give everyone in Committee a chuckle.

You see, other than the occasional athletic superstar, the economics (and make no mistake about it, economics is really what we’re talking about here) of college athletics and treatment afforded those who participate (coaches included) do not mirror real life.  In real life, no one pays you millions and billions of dollars to watch you do your job.  You don’t get lavish perks for showing up to work.   And perhaps, most telling in the tax world, you don’t get a pass on your taxes because the institution you work for happens to do some good along the way… 

Mr. Brand argues, however, that the U.S. Supreme Court has already sanctioned the college sports tradition in NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma 468 U.S. 85 (1984), when the Court opined:

“The NCAA plays a critical role in the maintenance of a revered tradition of amateurism in college sports. There can be no question but that it needs ample latitude to play that role, or that the preservation of the student-athlete in higher education adds richness and diversity to intercollegiate athletics and is entirely consistent with the goals of the Sherman Act.”

And in theory, that makes a lot of sense.  And maybe in 1984, it made a lot more sense.  That was before the NCAA started collecting billions on lucrative television packages.  Before coaches were paid millions of dollars and treated like royalty.  Before alums were squeezed for extra dollars to score highly desirable game tickets.  Before companies like Nike started paying to have their logo plastered all over the uniforms of college athletes.  Before college sports began to be merely a stop along the way to professional sports.  In that regard, "the revered tradition of amateurism in sports" really doesn’t exist at all.

And what about those outrageously high college coach salaries?  Brand claims they’re not high at all.  In fact, he writes that "coaches’ compensation packages, especially those with seven-figure packages, include institutional salaries commensurate with other highly paid and highly recruited faculty and staff."  Someone should tell that to the president of Duke University; as previously posted, Coach Krzyzewski is the highest-paid employee at Duke University, with a salary nearly nearly three times as much as Duke’s president.  The idea that these salaries are commensurate with other "highly paid and highly recruited faculty and staff" is highly amusing – unless, of course, Brand was referring to other coaches.

He spends much of the remainder of the letter touting how the $7.8 billion budget for NCAA (yes, with a b) really, really helps the students who are not participating in sports achieve.  I’ll bet that makes those students thankful for the $74,000 of expenses attributable to football players per year and the staggering $158,000 of expenses attributable to men’s basketball players per year.  It’s especially appalling when you consider that the average cost of expenses for a student athlete is $39,000 per year.  I guess that means the lacrosse and wrestling teams cost, what, $5 a person?

You can practically feel the desperation.

Brand wraps up, more or less, with this unbelievable statement:  The ability of the NCAA to influence spending is limited.  So their argument is what, exactly?  That they have created a monster that they can’t control?  That college sports has become Frankenstein?  And for that, they should be rewarded?

Don’t get me wrong.  I love college sports.  I love Duke basketball, back from the days when Jay Bilas, Mark Alarie and Johnny Dawkins played.  I watch college football on television; I was one of those millions of folks who tuned in to watch Ohio State play Michigan.  But you know what?  I watch it for entertainment.  And those millions of other folks who watch?  For entertainment.  At the end of the day, we’re watching a game – a game that makes a whole lot of money for a whole lot of people.  And there’s nothing wrong with that.  I just happen to believe it’s not a tax exempt purpose.

A spokesman for the Committee said lawmakers did not plan to comment yet on the response.

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The Price You Pay.

November 19, 2006 · 0 comments

Following up on my recent post about the NCAA, college sports and tax-exempt status, take a look at  this tidbit in USA Today which reports college coach salaries.

I’ll bet Jim Tressel thinks his approximately $500k advantage over Lloyd Carr is worth it following this weekend’s Ohio State-Michigan game…  Of course, that begs the question, why is Oklahoma’s Bob Stoops picking up nearly $3.5 million per year when his team didn’t even crack the top ten?

It’s more than just curious fans checking out these numbers.  With 119 coaches averaging $950,000 per year – not including perks – you can bet IRS is taking a gander, too.

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Football mania

26 October 2006

Back in February, Madeline authored an interesting post about the tax implications of college football. Not to be outdone at the beginning of football season, DevilGrad followed up on an inquiry by some Congressional officials into the tax-exempt status of college sports. It seems, these days, that as the popularity of college sports grows, so, [...]

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Are You Ready for Some Football?

6 October 2006

Madeline had previously posted an interesting query about the economics and tax implications of (gulp) college football.  It’s worth another look in light of this recent post by DevilGrad on a similar issue.  There’s even more analysis here.
The real question at issue is "Why is a multi-million dollar business, which is not effectively related to [...]

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March Madness

11 March 2006

The madness of March just got a little… madder?
In an article from the Chronicle of Higher Education, it was reported that an inquiry has been launched in Congress as to a number of potential tax abuses.
We all know that college sports are money-makers.  The amount of revenue generated by ticket sales, merchandising, broadcast rights [...]

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